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Forge
plans are listed near the middle of this page
This page is dedicated to information on Steel, Damascus Steel, Forging, Heat Treating, and general Knifemaking/Bladesmithing. Check back, as I will update this page often.
If
you
have anything you'd like to see discussed on this page, drop me an
email
and tell me about it!
Automatic high temp salt tanks
A few years ago I had a high temp salt tank set up in my shop. At that time it was manually operated, which was really a pain. After having a tank rupture, and molten salt all over the shop, I tore the tanks down, and decided to wait until I could make them automatic before reinstalling them. Recently I found a source for an affordable digital controller, and decided to put the high temp salt tank back to work. Following is some information on where I found the controller, and some photos of how the tank is set up.
This
is the digital controller I purchased from LightObject.com
This
is the back wiring terminals of the controller
This the new type of controller that I have installed. It reads out in Fahrenheit. It is 110v, with the wiring diagram on the side. I have created a sketch of the necessary wiring so that it will be easy for you to do it. There is also a support web page for this controller, which you can print out and use as a manual for setting the various functions of the controller. Follow this link to the support page.
Here is an image of the wiring diagram that I came up with to make the controller work with a 110v solenoid gas valve, and a type K thermocouple:
Below is a photo of the
back
of the controller, with all the wiring labeled....

Below is a photo of the
thermocouple
I purchased from Omega.com

This is the 110v, normally
close,
solenoid gas valve I purchased locally.

And this is the High Temp
salt
tank ready for use.

I have included some very basic components necessary to run the high temp salt tank automatically. Although some may want to, I have not found the need to build in an ignition system....there is enough heat within the forge to re-ignite the flame when the controller calls for heat. Since these photos I have added a digital pyrometer, with a second thermocouple to the salt pot, just to ensure that I am getting a true temp reading. This setup seems to operate within about 12 degrees F of the set point...which with I am very pleased.
COLORED
MOSAIC DAMASCUS
I have been experimenting with some new ways of coloring damascus
steel.
Heat coloring or hot/cold bluing is the usual method employed by most
knifemakers,
however this method allows the knifemaker to produce only a limited
number
of colors. I have been using baking lacquers, heat coloring, and
a combination of both to produce colors that are not often seen in
damascus
steel. More will be coming in the future as I experiment more,
but
for now..............



These are just some of the colors that are possible using baking lacquers and heat coloring. The process holds much promise for a whole new world of colored mosaic damascus works!

Benefits
of the Forged Blade
Custom
Cutlery today generally comes in two forms. Forged, or Stock
Removal.
Each has its proponents and opponents. I personally have chosen
to
Forge because of the almost limitless possibilities it presents.
I am not restricted to produce a knife based on the size and shape of
bar
stock that is available. Forging also opens the realm of Damascus
Steel with its unlimited patterns and beauty. Through the forging
process I have also learned the art of heat treating. This gives
an added advantage in that I have the capability to selectively harden
blades not only to match the chosen steel, but the intended application
of the finished blade. More often than not, commercial heat
treaters
will harden a customer's blades to a specified Rockwell hardness, not
taking
into consideration what I choose to call the "Overall Package."
(I'll
define this a little later)
Of
Forges and Fire
I
began over 20 years ago with a coal forge that was made from an old
brake
drum. Since then I have progressed to utilize propane forges
exclusively
for my cutlery. Why? All I can say is that is makes life so
much easier! Don't get me wrong, many fine blades have been, and
are still being produced in coal forges. I even keep a bucket of
coal in the shop, and occasionally set a few small pieces on the front
of my propane forge just to smell the coal burn.
This
brings us to forges. I have tried most every make and model
available
commercially, and many others that where formulated within my, as well
as other Blacksmith's and Bladesmith's shops'. Through
experience,
I have formed some very pointed opinions of what a good Bladesmith's
forge
should, and should not be.
*A
Good Bladesmith's Forge SHOULD*
-Produce
a very even heat. This becomes very important when producing Damascus
(Pattern
Welded) materials.
-Be easily
adjustable over a wide range of temperatures.
-Be
economical
to operate (This includes fuel consumption and replacement cost of
refractory).
-Be
durable
(I hate wasting time repairing a forge lining when I could be forging
blades).
-Be
designed
with the K.I.S.S. principle in mind.
*A Good
Bladesmith's
Forge SHOULD NOT*
-Be of a
design that uses 90 degree angles (square shape) in the forge
chamber.
It seems that no matter how well designed, or how many burners there
are,
this type of forge produces "hot spots". (That can spell trouble when
forging
damascus).
-Fiber
Board
type insulators: This stuff is VERY expensive, does not react
well
to coatings, and melts like cotton candy when hot flux hits it.
Ceramic
blanket has it's draw backs too. If not coated it will also
"melt"
from flux contact, fibers will become airborne when "snagged" by a work
piece, and can be very irritating to the nose and throat (not to
mention
what a lot of the stuff could do to your lungs).
In
my humble opinion, a knife is more than a certain type of steel, or a
specific
Rockwell hardness. In order for a knife to be all that it can be,
the maker must take the "Overall Package" into consideration.
This
includes not only what type of steel to use, but how that steel will
perform
at a given hardness, plus, how all the other aspects of the knife blend
to produce the finished product. Things such as, blade geometry,
distal taper, weight, and balance. Toughness, flexibility, edge
retention,
and ease of sharpening. All of these play a factor in the Overall
Package. Each is equally important in a using knife, and worthy
of
the Bladesmith's attention.
For
example, to demand a high rockwell hardness in a blade, without taking
into consideration the type of grind that will be used, and ignore the
impact that the combination or hardness and grind style will have on
the
toughness and/or ease of sharpening is to settle for less than you have
to. Wayne Goddard once told me that a knife must 1. Look good, 2.
Feel good, and 3. Work good. Each of these three areas have many
details. Through attention to all of them, the Bladesmith insures
that the "Overall Package" is achieved with each and every knife that
leaves
his or her shop.
Damascus
Steel comes in many varieties. From Wire (made from steel cable),
to exotic Mosaics with a thousand different faces. After much
experimenting,
I have settled on 15N20 & 1084 for most of my pattern welded
blades.
These two steels are possibly the most compatible steels I have ever
encountered
for Damascus. Due to this compatibility, patterns can be produced
with this mix that would literally tear other combinations
apart.
It produces a good contrast, as well as having the added benefit of
being
completely hardenable; Producing a blade that is also very
functional.
Below is a typical modified ladder pattern produced from these
materials.

These same materials are
used in the below pictured blade, a modified "W" pattern. This
blade
was produced by "accordion" folding the billet prior to forging the
blade
shape.

True Mosaic is an arrangement
of "tiles" placed in a specific sequence to achieve a desired
result.
This photo (below) clearly shows the boundaries of the "tiles" within
the
blade.

Endless variations can be
achieved
by adding fewer or more layers of material to the damascus. And
also
by many other actions the Bladesmith takes during the forging
process.
The following photo shows a Mosaic blade with fewer layers of material,
and larger "tiles".
For more patterns, visit the Damascus Steel page
